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Work in progress. Last updated 27.09.2008

 

 

CAUGHT IN THE ACT:

NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT ACTS OF BASTARDRY AGAINST ABORIGINAL PEOPLE 

1788 - 2006


 by Kathy Stavrou

 

 

Note: This web page is part of a research blog, and will expand.

 

 

 

Index, time-line, summaries, links, dates and pictures

 

 

 

 

Index, time-line, summaries, links, and dates

1768-2006

 

Also indexed: Acts not specifically referring to Aboriginal people but directly affecting their subject-, citizen- and land ownership rights.
(Under research, Acts 1968-2006, Parliamentary Votes and Proceedings 1931-2006)

 

     Pictures

New South Wales Coat of Arm s

Preamble

In the Preamble, I shout my opinions from the house-tops, explain why I am doing this research work; provide a small sample of the links to primary source documents, and present my interpretation of New South Wales legal-historical reality. This is not to say that I confine my opinions to the Preamble, and take a dry, measured, theme-based, detached attitude, in the rest of the work, including in this Index page, and the Chapters, following. My tone throughout is designedly agit-prop, tub-thumping, and loudly shouting, and attempts at all times to ram home its message, in memory of Mayakovsky, the revolutionary poet artist hero.

Goongi, John Roberts (Snr.,) Widjabul Tribe Elder, Bundjalung Nation, gave me the clues to the topic of this Research project, and permission to do the research about Widjabul Tribe history: and by giving me information about his culture and history, attempted to let me see life through Aboriginal eyes. Many of the phrases and concepts I use in my work, I am borrowing from him, in particular, the term "bastardisation", which I often heard him say about Government behaviour towards Aboriginal people from the start. 

To him also I owe my (limited) understanding of the Widjabul/ Bundjalung term gubbah nyugum" . 'Gubbah' is government, 'nyugum' means, I think, that things are of equal value in a trade situation. 'Nyug' is used now in vernacular to also mean money, so that to say 'gubbah nyugum' is to crack a joke. 

Now, if you want to, navigate from here.

 

Goongi, John Roberts (Snr.)

Widjabul Tribe Elder, Bundjalung Nation

(Photograph used with permission of subject and photographer)

[Source: Michael Weekes Photography]

 

CHAPTERS 1-13 follow as works in progress

 

CHAPTER 1

 

1768-1837

 

Go to: Chapter 1, Commentary and documents 

 

Go to: Chapter 1, Documents only

 

 

 

" Bloody invasion, Christianity, and the Vagrancy Act (1836)"

 

 

 

Chapter 1 index, links and summary follows 

 

 

1768-71

·         Captain Cook reports on Aboriginal concepts of value in his Journal during his Voyage in M.M. Bark Endeavour

 

1773  

  • Joseph Banks’ Journal, “Terra Nullius”

  • Joseph Banks’ Journal, “No Idea of Traffick”

1787

  • Governor Phillip's instructions, April 25, 1787 “Conciliation of native affections ..." Governor Phillip is instructed to protect the rights of the Aborigines of New South Wales

Captain PHILLIP, A, R.N. Governor.

12/1/1788-10/12/1792

 

1788 - 

  • The Settlement was sited near "an apparently perennial stream of the purest water"    

  • Proclamation of Colony. Aboriginal people became British Subjects with the arrival of English Law.

( Mabo judgement, 1992, and the ownership of Crown lands in 1788 )

Aboriginal traditional sacred drug and medicine, 1788

 

 

1789 - 

  • Exploration of Hawkesbury and Nepean Rivers

  • Phillip proclaimed Captain-General and Governor-in-Chief over New South Wales   

1790

  • "The natives, too, were hostile. Phillip did his best to treat them kindly, but few of the settlers followed his example; stragglers from the township were killed by way of revenge, and the bush was set on fire whenever the white men turned their stock into it for pasturage." 

1791 - 

  • Grants of land to settlers

 

 

Replica of Cook's ship, the Endeavour

[Source:www.mindspring.com]

 

Captain James Cook

Portrait by John Webber in the National Portrait Gallery, London

[Source: Clark, C.M.H., A History of Australia, Vol.1, Melbourne University Press (1962)

 

Sir Joseph Banks

[Source: www.rbgkew.org.

 

Cook sails past Byron Bay,  (1)

"Banks, take a look at those natives on the beach all hiding their faces!"

 

On the beach at Byron Bay

(2)

"Brothers, quick, hide your eyes! Must be Derangun!" 

(Derangun - bad woman spirit, scary,  white, faceless, walks at night.)  

[1&2, Source of information, John Roberts, Widjabul Elder]

 

Governor Arthur Phillip

From an engraving in the Mitchell Library

[Source: Greenwood, Gordon, Australia (Angus and Robertson, 1955)

 

Sydney Cove, August 1788

from Captain Hunter's sketch

[Source: Jose, AW, History of Australasia Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1813, p.63]  

 

Captain GROSE, F Lieut. (in charge)

11/12/1792-12/12/1794

 

1792

  • The military administer the Colony.

11/12/1792-12/12/1794

Captain PATERSON, NSW Corps Lieut.-Governor (in charge)

13/12/1794-1/9/1795

 

1795 - 

  • 60 men of the New South Wales Corps are sent to the Hawkesbury settlements to combat the Daruk Aborigines. 

 

NSW Corps soldier

[Source: http://www.militarybadges.info]

 

Captain HUNTER, (RN) Governor

 

1796 - 

  • Exploration of Port Hacking

1797 - 

  • Exploration of Tuggerah Lakes

1799 - 

  • Exploration of North Coast, Lachlan River

1800

7/9/1795-27/9/1800

 

Governor Hunter

[Source: Jose, A.W., History of Australasia (Angus and Robertson, 1813)]  

 

Sydney from the West in 1800

[Source: Jose, A.W., History of Australasia ( Angus and Robertson, 1813)]  

 

Captain PG KING, (RN) Governor

26/9/1800-12/8/1806

  • Governor King at first strove to keep peace with the Aboriginals, whom he ' considered the real Proprietors of the soil'

1802 - 

  • Exploration of continental coastline and  Port Phillip Bay

1803 - 

  • Settlement at Risdon, Van Diemen's Land

  • The Sydney Gazette, (Published by Authority), begins publication of news items about the Aborigines in the vicinity of the settlement; Governor King's Standing Orders referring to them; and Military sorties against the Tribes and individuals

1804 

  • Prodigious quantities of mackerel on the coast, harvested by Aborigines 

  • A file of Troopers is sent by the Governor to the Hawkesbury to attack and shoot Aborigines

  • Escaped convicts speared by local Tribesmen

  • Frequent clashes between Tribes and Europeans in Portland Head, Richmond Hill, Georges River, Lane Cove, shooting of two Aborigines at Richmond Hill

  • The Sydney Gazette describes the use of a boomerang

1805 - 

  • Macarthur receives grant of 5,000 acres

  • Summary executions of Aborigines by New South Wales Corps at the direction of Governor King

 

26/9/1800-12/8/1806

 

"How ironic is that ..." -1805-Governor King tries to give hemp pants to the local Aborigines.

[Source: The Nimbin Good Times March 2006]

 

Philip Gidley King

 

[Source: Clark, C.M.H., A History of Australia, Vol.1, Melbourne University Press (1962)

 

The Reverend Samuel Marsden, Magistrate

[Source: Clark, C.M.H., A History of Australia, Vol.1, Melbourne University Press (1962)

 

Captain W Bligh, (RN) Governor

13/8/1806-26/1/1808

 

13/8/1806-26/1/1808

NSW Corps Acting Administrator (Lieut. Col. FOVEAUX)

26/12/1808-28/12/1809

 

26/12/1808-28/12/1809

Major-General L MACQUARIE, Governor

1/1/1810-1/12/1821

 

1812 - 

  • Creation of Governor's Court and Supreme Court, 

  • Select Committee of House of Commons appointed to inquire into condition of New South Wales

1813 - 

  • crossing of Blue Mountains, 

  • exploration Bathurst Plains and Macquarie River

1814 - 

  • Charter of Justice published, 

  • Civil Jurisdiction , Supreme court commenced, 

  • exploration of Berrima district, 

  • name "Australia" substituted for New Holland 

1815 - 

  • Road over the Blue Mountains, 

  • foundation of Bathurst, 

  • exploration of Lachlan River

1817 - 

  • Exploration of Lachlan and Macquarie Rivers, Lake George, Bathurst, Goulburn Plains

1818 - 

  • Exploration of Peel, Hastings, and Manning Rivers and Liverpool Plains

1820 - 

  • Exploration of Clyde River

1821 - 

  • Settlement at Port Macquarie

 

1/1/1810-1/12/1821

 

Governor Macquarie

[Source: Jose, A.W., History of Australasia ( Angus and Robertson, 1813)]  

Sir T BRISBANE, KCB Governor

1/12/1821-1/12/1825

 

1822 - 

  • Governor Brisbane establishes free settlement at Wellington Valley

1823 - 

  • First Australian Constitution, Legislative Council of 5 to 7 persons nominated by the Governor, 

  • encouragement of free settlement, 

  • squatting commenced, 

  • exploration of Murrumbidgee River and Monaro Plains

  • Governor Brisbane allows "the shooting of Aboriginals in batches." 

  • New South Wales proclaimed a Crown Colony, 

  • first land regulations, 

  • Currency act (first Act of Parliament),

1824

  • The first Legislative Council meets, New South Wales constitutes a Crown Colony

  • Introduction of Trial by jury: "the privilege of being tried by his peers was extended to every man", (but not for the Aborigines).

  • Governor Brisbane ordered to make land grants to free settlers, empowered to sell Crown lands under a tender system

  • The Australian Agricultural Company formed, to be granted extensive areas of land at a nominal quit rent and a monopoly of coal-mining in New South Wales in return for an investment of 1,000,000 pounds 

1825

  • Governor Ralph Darling was enjoined to see that the natives were "protected in the full enjoyment of their possessions, [and] preserved from violence and injustice, but also to take measures for "their conversion to the Christian faith and their advancement in civilisation." [Elkin]

  • The formation of a force of Military mounted police"  

  • Extension of New South Wales Westward

  • Governors were financially independent because they controlled the money raised from the sale of Crown land.  

 

1/12/1821-1/12/1825

Colonel STEWART (3rd Regiment) Acting Governor

6/12/1825-18/12/25

6/12/1825-18/12/25

Lieutenant-General R DARLING, Governor

19/12/1825-21/10/1831

 

1825 

  • Governor Darling ordered by Colonial office to permit grants of between 320 and 2,560 acres to private buyers, and expressly permitted the sale of Crown land in lots up to 4,000 acres

 

1826 - 

  • Illawarra settlement established, 

  • The Black War in Tasmania.  

1827 - 

  • land speculation, exploration of Gwydir, Dumaresque and Condamine Rivers and Darling Downs, 

  • case of R v Lowe determined that Aboriginal people were subject to its jurisdiction when they were in conflict with Europeans

1828 - 

  • Second Constitution; Legislative Council enlarged to 15 members, first census of Europeans, 36,598; 

  • Imperial Act, all laws and statutes in force in England in 1828 apply in New South Wales; 

  • exploration of the Richmond River by Captain Henry Rous  

  • declaration of martial law in Tasmania, Whites were authorized to kill Blacks on sight

 

1829 - 

  • exploration of the Darling River, 

  • case of R v Ballard, "Aborigines are entitled to their own laws" Judge Dowling rules that Aborigines have not consented to their acceptance of British law

  •  Government resumption of Crown and Church Lands  

 

1830 - 

  • exploration of the Murrumbidgee River, 

  • the population of 5,000 Aborigines in Tasmania reduced to 75 

19/12/1825-21/10/1831

 

Sydney and Tasmanian Aborigines

 

(Source: front and back covers of Woolmington J., Aborigines in Colonial Society, Cassell Australia 1973): 1830's, 

 

 

An Aboriginal camp near Port Stephens, NSW, 1830's?

[Source: Driscoll, W.P. and Elphick, E.S.; Birth of a Nation (Rigby 1974)

Colonel LINDSAY, CB Acting Governor

22/10/1831-2/12/1831

 

22/10/1831-2/12/1831

WHIG
Major-General Sir Richard BOURKE, KCB Governor

3/12/1831-5/12/1837

1833

  • The Wellington Missionaries report on the violence of the settlers towards the Aborigines . 

  • Appellate jurisdiction of Privy Council extended to Colony; civilian juries in criminal cases (not for Aborigines.)  

1834 - 

  • Settlement at Twofold Bay, borrowed capital floods into the Colony

1834

  • "Graziers who had well established freehold stations found it abundantly worth while to send flocks out far beyond their accustomed pastures, to graze on good free land" 

  • "The duty of acting upon principles of justice and humanity"

  • Report of the Mission to the Aborigines of New Holland.   

  • "Recognising customary law"  

 

1835 - 

  • exploration and settlement of Port Phillip area

  • The Missionaries report to the Legislative Council and Assembly about the condition of the Aborigines

  • In 1835, John Batman signed two 'treaties' with Kulin people to 'purchase' 600,000 acres of land between what is now Melbourne and the Bellarine Peninsula. In response to these treaties and other arrangements between free settlers and Indigenous inhabitants, such as around Camden, the NSW Governor, Sir Richard Bourke issued a proclamation. Bourke's proclamation established the notion that the land belonged to no-one prior to the British crown taking possession.

 

1836 - 

  • squatting formally recognised, 

  • Wellington Missionaries report on Aboriginal deaths by execution and measles, 

  • case of R v Murrell, English law gave equal protection to Aboriginal people as Europeans

Vagrancy Act (1836)  

  An Act for the Prevention of Vagrancy and for the punishment of Idle and Disorderly Rogues and Vagabonds and incorrigible Rogues in the Colony of New South Wales (6 Geo. IV. No.6) 25 August 1836

 

3/12/1831-5/12/1837

 

Sir Richard Bourke

From a contemporary print in the Mitchell library

[Source: Greenwood, Gordon, Australia (Angus and Robertson, 1955)

 

 

 

John Batman's 'treaty' agreeing that he had purchased 600,000 acres from 8 Tribal chiefs, in return for some blankets, beads, flour, tomahawks, clothes, scissors, looking glasses, and knives. 

[Source: Jose, AW, History of Australasia Sydney, Angus and Robertson, 1813, p.63]  

 

 

Lieutenant-Col. K SNODGRASS, Acting Governor
12/7/1837-23/2/1838


1837 - 

  • Ordinance,   (forcibly detaining Aboriginal women)
    Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney, 18th September, 1837. Sydney Gazette

  • Queen Victoria's reign begins

12/7/1837-23/2/1838

Chapter 2

 

1838 - 1847

 

"Queen Victoria Proclaims Aboriginal Rights, and the Evidence Act is Disallowed" 

 

 

Chapter 2 index, links and summary follows. 

 

 

Sir George GIPPS, Governor
WHIG

24/2/1838-11/7/1846

 

1838
Supplying Liquors to Aboriginal Natives (1838), An Act for Consolidating and amending the Laws relating to the Licensing of Public-houses, and for further regulating the Sale and Consumption of Fermented and Spirituous Liquors in New South Wales, 2 Victoria, No. 18, sec. 49. [26th Sept 1838.]

  • Major Nunn and troopers murder unknown number of Aborigines, 

  • Governor Gipps announces that an Inquest shall be held on Aborigines killed by white men, 

  • Mounted police established, 

  • Gipps refers to massacres of aborigines, 

  • Lord Glenelg stresses protection of Aborigines, 

  • Robinson appointed Chief Protector of Aborigines, 

  • execution of the 7 Myall Creek murderers, 

  • The Aborigines Protection Society founded in England, 

Report from the Select Committee on the Present State of the Aborigines,1838 

 

1839  

Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney  (Reissued). Sydney Gazette.
His Excellency has been pleased to report the names of all Persons (forcibly detaining Aboriginal women), "in order that their Licenses may be immediately cancelled, and that they may be prosecuted under the Act, as illegal occupiers of Crown Lands, or otherwise, as the Law directs. By His Excellency's Command"

 

1839 -  

  • Queen Victoria's reign commenced in 1837, so that the Aboriginal subject rights document following must have been one of the first Acts of her reign, denoting its importance.

Queen Victoria's Ordinance on the rights of Aborigines as subjects; 2 Vic. 27 1839 

"where there is a violent death in consequence of a collision with white men, an Inquest or Inquiry is to be held in the same way as if the Deceased had been of European origin", 

  • This document is discreetly located, over 2 pages, in tiny print, in amidst the pages of the Crown Lands Unauthorized Occupation Act, 2 Vict 27 1839. 

Standing Orders to the Border Police, 1839  

 

Crown Lands Unauthorised Occupation Act, 2 Vict 27 (1839);  "An Act further to restrain the unauthorized Occupation of Crown Lands and to provide the means of defraying the Expense of the Border Police [ 22nd March, 1839 .]  

  • Her Majesty asserts her right to Alienate the Waste Lands of New South Wales, 

  • Attorney-General's legal opinion of the killing of Aborigines by Major Nunn, 

  • Evidence of Native Witnesses is excluded from the Courts, 

  • Governor LaTrobe given strict instructions re protection of Aborigines, 

An Act to allow the Aboriginal Natives of New South Wales to be received as competent witnesses in Criminal Cases (1839) (disallowed 1844)

 

1840 - 

  • Chief Protector of Aborigines talks about rights of Aborigines to land

  • Royal Instructions on the natural indefeasible property rights of aborigines; 

  • a surveying party, a Commissioner of Crown Lands, and Border Police sent to the Clarence River

An Act to prohibit Natives of New South Wales from having Fire Arms or Ammunition in their possession, without the permission of a Magistrate (1840)(disallowed)


 1842 - 

 

New South Wales Constitution Act, 1842

"And be it enacted that out of the said revenue fund there shall be payable every year to Her Majesty her heirs and successors the sum of thirty three thousand pounds for defraying the expenses of the several services and purposes in the schedule marked (A) annexed to this act and a further sum of eighteen thousand six hundred pounds for defraying the expenses of the several services and purposes named in the schedule marked (B) annexed to this act and a further sum of thirty thousand pounds for defraying the expenses of the several services and purposes named in the schedule marked (C) annexed to this act the said sums of thirty three thousand pounds eighteen thousand six hundred pounds and thirty thousand pounds to be issued by the Treasurer of the said Colony in discharge of such warrant or warrants as shall be from time to time directed to him under the hand and seal of the Governor"

Crown Land Sales Act 1842

  • "The Land Act of 1842 saw the creation of reserves on Crown Land for the use of the Aboriginal people." This move by the Government aimed to give Aboriginal people continuing 'secure' occupation of land.

  • Cedar-getters camp at East Ballina (Bundjalung Nation Tribal territory)

  • Moreton Bay proclaimed open to settlement and first sale of Moreton Bay land held in Sydney

1843 - 

  • First Representative Constitution Act 12 Crown nominees and 24 elected members of Legislative Council

1843 - 

  • first general election -

  • Representative Assembly, 

  • Gipps to discontinue grants to the missions 

 

1845 - 

  • Sir Thomas Mitchell reaches Fitzroy Downs, Culgoa, Warrego and Barcoo Rivers

 

24/2/1838-11/7/1846

 

Queen Victoria

 

 

Governor George Gipps

[Source: Jose, A.W.; History of Australasia (Angus and Robertson, 1913)

 

Votes and Proceedings, 18 March 1839; Crown Lands Occupation Act Amendment Bill

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Queen Victoria's Ordinance on the rights of Aborigines as subjects; 2 Vic. 27 1839   

(link to transcript)

 

[Source: Acts and Ordinances of NSW (ed. Callaghan) (1844-1852) 3v. in 4 46. Imperial Statutes in Force (ed. Bignold) [1913] 46. New South Wales Legislation in Force]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Alphabetical Index to the Subjects of Public General Acts of the Legislature of New South Wales, from 5 Geo. IV to 38 Vic., inclusive

"Aboriginals - Competent Witnesses (Disallowed). Firearms - Prohibiting to (Disallowed). Wandering in Company with. Supply of Liquor to prevention."

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Major Mitchell

[Source: Jose, A.W.; History of Australasia (Angus and Robertson, 1913)

 

Sir Maurice O'CONNELL, Acting Governor

12/7/1846-2/8/1846

12/7/1846-2/8/1846

 

Chapter 3

 

1846-1857

 

 

"The Squatters use the New South Wales Native Police to expand their Territories."

 

 

Chapter 3 index, links and summary follows. 

 

 

Sir Charles A FITZROY, Governor

3/8/1846-17/1/1855

 

Imperial Act 1846  - 

  • gave 14 years' lease to squatters in unsettled districts; Wentworth and squatters won most of their demands in the imperial Act, which gave them security ... they could purchase key-points on their runs, such as around the waterholes 

 

1846 - 

  • non-Aboriginal population, census, 154,205

1847 -

  • The Rev. Dr. Lang and GA Robinson, chief protector of Aboriginals state that poisoning by settlers was undoubtedly one cause in the decrease of the aboriginals

 

Crown Land Leases Act 1847 

  • Earl Grey and the Colonial Office surrendered to the squatters, and by the  Orders-In-Council of 1847, the license holders obtained the coveted right to leases for fourteen years of all runs in outlying districts 

 

1848 - 

  • Further North-Western explorations (NSW)

1849 - 

  • another attempt was made to introduce a Bill to allow the Aboriginal Natives of New South Wales to be received as competent witnesses. Again it was defeated on the grounds that Aborigines "had no knowledge of truth or falsehood and were incapable of entertaining one scintilla of anything like religion"

Australian Colonies Act (1850)

Vagrancy Act (1851)  

An Act for the more effectual prevention of Vagrancy and for the punishment of idle and disorderly Persons Rogues and vagabonds and incorrigible Rogues in the Colony of NSW [1st December, 1851] (Illegal to wander with Aborigines)

 

1851 - 

  • Colony of Victoria (Port Phillip District) separated from New South Wales

1852 -

  • An Act to Amend the Law of Evidence continues to exclude Aboriginal people from giving evidence in Court

1853 -

New Constitution Act, 1853

 

"on behalf of Her Majesty with respect to any lands situate within the said Colony in cases where such contracts promises or engagements shall have been lawfully made before the time at which this Act shall take effect within this Colony nor to disturb or in any way interfere with or prejudice any vested or other rights which have accrued or belong to the licensed occupants or lessees of any Crown Lands within or without the Settled Districts"

 

"The qualifications for Electors of the Legislative Assembly shall be as follows—Every man of the age of twenty-one years being a natural born or naturalized subject of Her Majesty or legally made a denizen of New South Wales and having a freehold estate in possession situate within the district for which his vote is to be given of the clear value of one hundred pounds sterling money ..."

  • The Act establishes the profitable ownership by the Queen of all the Crown lands in the colony, extinguishes Aboriginal title while affirming squatters' title; establishes 2 Chambers, the Legislative Council and the Legislative Assembly, (dominated by squatters and land profiteers). (S.1) excludes Aborigines from franchise by property, rental or lease qualification,  (S.13) describes the Electoral Districts which are actually the Tribal territories of still living Tribes, (S.15) refers to "Christian" names and the published Electoral Rolls, (S.16) makes it legal for the Legislature to regulate the buying and selling of land, referred to as "Waste" lands (S.50) &c.

  • Wentworth, in Parliament, denies the policy of Government interference in violence towards the aborigines by settlers.

1854 - 


  •      A further Act to Amend the Law of Evidence  continues to exclude Aboriginal people from giving evidence in Court

3/8/1846-17/1/1855

 

WC Wentworth

[Source: Hartley Grattan, C; Australia, University of California Press (1947)]

 

 

Tracks of the European explorers, 

South Eastern Australia, to 1846

[Source: Jose, A.W.; History of Australasia (Angus and Robertson, 1913)

 

Oliver Fry, Crown Lands Commissioner, Clarence River, about 1850

[Source: O'Sullivan J, Mounted police in N.S.W., Rigby (1973)

 

 

Military police, armed with guns and swords, attacking Aborigines, about 1850

[Source: O'Sullivan J, Mounted police in N.S.W., Rigby (1973)

Sir William Thomas DENISON, KCB, Governor

20/1/1855-22/1/1861

 

1855 -

  • New Constitution inaugurated; 

  • Responsible government, reflecting the power of non-Aboriginal landholders, and excluding Aborigines

20/1/1855-22/1/1861

 

 

 

 

 

Stuart Alexander DONALDSON, Colonial Secretary (also referred to as Prime Minister)

6/6/1856-25/8/1856

 

1856 - 

  • First elective Parliament and responsible Ministry

  • civil registration of births, deaths and marriages for non-Aborigines

  • Census, non-Aborigines - 252,649

  • Production of all correspondence about the Native Police is called for in Parliament

  • projected separation of the Northern districts of the Colony of New South Wales and their erection into a distinct colony, thereby cutting through the Northern district Aboriginal (Bundjalung) Tribal territory

6/6/1856-25/8/1856

Charles (later Sir Charles) COWPER, Colonial Secretary (also referred to as Prime Minister)

26/8/1856-2/10/1856

26/8/1856-2/10/1856

Henry W PARKER; Colonial Secretary (also referred to as Prime Minister)

3/8/1856-7/9/1857

 

1856 -

  • The establishment of a Select Committee on the operation of the Native Police moved and accepted